Interrelationship of the autonomies
Las interrelaciones dan cuenta de la integralidad de los procesos de transformación requeridos para lograr la igualdad de género y la participación de las mujeres en el desarrollo sostenible La igualdad de género requiere transformaciones en las tres dimensiones de la autonomía de las mujeres: en la física, en la política y en la económica. Sin embargo, los fenómenos de desigualdad de género requieren ser analizados en una perspectiva interrelacional, de manera de dar un salto cualitativo en la comprensión de los distintos mecanismos que se entrecruzan y generan o potencian la desigualdad entre hombres y mujeres. La autonomía entendida como “la capacidad de las personas para tomar decisiones libres e informadas sobre sus vidas, de manera de poder ser y hacer en función de sus propias aspiraciones y deseos en el contexto histórico que las hace posibles” (CEPAL, 2011), es un factor fundamental para garantizar el ejercicio de sus derechos humanos en un contexto de plena igualdad y en este sentido una condición para la superación de las injusticias de género. La autonomía se convierte en un elemento central para alcanzar la igualdad, como un derecho humano fundamental, y una precondición para que las mujeres actúen como sujetos plenos del desarrollo. En el caso de las violaciones a los derechos vinculados a la autonomía física, se observan efectos sobre la autonomía económica de las mujeres en relación a: la capacidad de generar ingresos propios, el descenso en los niveles de productividad, el ausentismo laboral, la pobreza (gasto de bolsillo, transmisión intergeneracional), o la propiedad de bienes, entre otras o a la inversa, la falta de autonomía física o las dificultades en el control de sus propios cuerpos repercuten en las condiciones necesarias para el logro de la autonomía económica. Los principios de no discriminación y de igualdad de género se interrelacionan para avanzar hacia la igualdad sustantiva poniendo en el centro del debate, las múltiples e interconectadas formas de discriminación contra las mujeres en toda su diversidad. De esta forma se evita tener una visión única o universalista de las mujeres y se toman en cuenta las desigualdades y discriminaciones por razones de sexo, raza/etnia, orientación sexual, identidad de género, pobreza y otras condiciones supeditadas al racismo, al heterosexismo y homofobia, entre otras. Las autonomías interactúan formando un complejo engranaje que no puede ser interpretado, y mucho menos abordado aisladamente. Estas requieren ser vistas en sus relaciones, interdependencias y con un enfoque integrador.
Indicators
Total work time
About this Indicator
Total work time is essential for understanding gender gaps in well-being and time use. In all countries in the region with available data, the time spent on unpaid domestic and care work is significantly higher for women than for men. This burden limits women's ability to participate in the labor market on equal terms, access economic resources that would enable greater autonomy, as well as use their time for educational and personal activities, such as leisure and self-care. Meanwhile, the increase in women's participation in paid work has not been accompanied by a corresponding increase in men's participation in unpaid domestic and care work. This indicator is part of the regional framework for monitoring the Sustainable Development Goals (SDG), as a complementary indicator (SDG C-5.4), and is part of the set of prioritized indicators for monitoring the SDG in Latin America and the Caribbean.
Definition
The total work time indicator refers to the sum of the time spent by the population aged 15 and older on both paid and unpaid work. Paid work includes activities related to the production of goods or the provision of services for the market, and is calculated as the total time spent on employment, job search, and commuting to work. Unpaid work refers to activities performed without monetary compensation, mostly within the private sphere. It is measured by quantifying the time individuals spend on the production of goods for own consumption, unpaid domestic tasks, and unpaid caregiving provided for their own household, for the support of other households, or for the community. By definition, the indicator is calculated based on the population that engages in either paid or unpaid work. It is disaggregated by sex and expressed as the average number of hours worked per week. The indicator is constructed using data from national time-use surveys and modules collected in the Time Use Information Repository for Latin America and the Caribbean, covering the period from 2007 to the most recent year available. The data are not necessarily comparable across countries due to methodological differences in the data collection instruments.
Related Publications
Repository on time use in Latin America and the Caribbean, 2023
The Repository on time use in Latin America and the Caribbean, created in 2007 and managed by the Gender Equality Observatory (OIG) of ECLAC, houses databases, indicators and metadata provided by the statistical offices of the countries with official measurements of time use. In order to promote comparability, the activities in the databases are harmonized to two digits based on the Classification...
Methodological guide on time-use measurements in Latin America and the Caribbean
The region is facing the challenge of increasing the harmonization and comparability of measurements of time use and unpaid work. The methodological differences between the various surveys make it harder to generate regional aggregate data. In view of this, the member countries of the Working Group on Gender Statistics agreed to prepare a methodological document that would collate the experience o...Latest regulation
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| 26 Mar 2013 | Equality plans
Gender Work Plan 2013 (Genderwerkplan 2013)
This Work Plan is the predecessor in the process to formulate a National Gender Policy and contains five critical areas, namely: Education and training; Labor, Income and poverty alleviation; Violence; Health; and Control and decision-making. These 5 critical areas have been evaluated and preparations are being made for the formulation of gender policy 2017- 2021.
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| 26 Jun 2009 | Equality plans
National Policy on Gender and Development of the Republic of Trinidad and Tobago
The National Policy on Gender and Development provides a framework for including gender perspectives in all activities of government and civil society, thereby promoting the full and equal participation of men and women in the development process.
Development strategies are clearly more equitable when they consider the different needs, constraints, opportunities and priorities of men and women. Compelling evidence suggests that such inclusive strategies are also far more effective and sustainable. -
| 14 Mar 2011 | Equality plans
National Policy for Gender Equality
The National Policy for Gender Equality outlines Jamaica’s commitment towards gender equality. It encapsulates the different outcomes expected in order to achieve gender equality. A national policy on gender would encourage the Jamaican community to recognize that development, as a multidimensional process, must involve the reduction of gender inequalities as an integral element of achieving broadbased equitable growth. This would contribute to good governance by highlighting and integrating the concerns of women and men in all of the Government’s development policies, plans and programmes. In this respect, a national policy on gender would provide an enabling environment for achieving the goals of fairness and socio-economic justice for women and men in keeping with the objectives of Vision 2030.
More recent publications
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1 Jan 2018 | ECLAC PublicationCaribbean synthesis report on the Madrid International Plan of Action on Ageing and the San José Charter on the Rights of Older Persons in Latin America and the Caribbean
This report summarises the progress and challenges faced by the English French and Dutch-speaking Member and Associate Member Countries of the Caribbean Development and Cooperation Committee (CDCC) in the implementation of the San José Charter on the rights of older persons in Latin America and the Caribbean and the Madrid International Plan of Action on Ageing (MIPAA) of 2002. The report forms pa... -
29 Jan 2018 | ECLAC PublicationAdvancing the economic empowerment and autonomy of women in the Caribbean through the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development
The monitoring of progress in attaining gender equality is not new. In fact, recent available evidence indicates that despite the progress being made towards achieving gender equality, there are many areas in which gender inequality persists in the Caribbean. These include gender pay gap, discriminatory practices in the labour market, sexual division of labour, imbalanced distribution of time and ...